Road bridges: I. R. C. Specifications - slab bridges -T-Beam bridges - box culvert
- bearings.

Module 2
Shell  structures:  General  principles  for  membrane  theory  for  symmetrical
uniformly distributed load - design of a simply supported single barrel cylindrical
shell  for  membrane  stresses  -  beam  method. Folded plates:  general  principles  -
structural behaviour of plates (design not required)

Module 3
Industrial buildings: roof loads - analysis and design of trusses - design of purlins
- design of bracing – supporting system.

Module 4
Design  of      plate  girders  and gantry  girders  -  riveted and welded compound
sections.

Module 5
Steel  bridges:  -  I. S. Specifications  -  design  of  highway  and railway  bridges  of
plate girder type.

References

1. I. R. C. Bridge code, Indian Railway Bridge code, I. S. 456, I. S
2. Victor  J.D., Design  of  Concrete  Bridges, Oxford&  I  B  H  Publishing  Company,
New Delhi.
3.  Krishna  Raju, Advanced Design  of  Concrete  Structures, Oxford&  I  B  H
Publishing Company, New Delhi.
4. Ramchandra, Design of Steel   Structures. Vol II, Standard Book House, Delhi.
5. Ramaswamy  G.S., Design  and Construction  of  Concrete  Shell  Roofs, Mc  Graw
Hills

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

C802                           

Module 1

3+1+0

Introduction        to      FEM-Historical        development-Idealization         of       actual
structures-Mathematical  model-General  procedure  of  FEA-Displacement
approach. Solution techniques- Gauss Elimination – Frontal solver (concepts only)

Module 2
Finite  element  analysis-  -Energy  principles-  Principle  of  Stationary  Potential
Energy- Complementary Energy - Variational approach -Stable- Unstable- Neutral
112

equilibrium-Virtual  work-  Principle  of  virtual  forces  – Principle  of  virtual
displacements.
Module 3
Shape functions-Lagrangian and Hermition Interpolation – Polynomials – General
coordinates-Area  coordinates-Compatibility  –C0  and C1  elements-convergence
criteria- conforming & nonconforming elements – Patch test

Module 4
Stiffness matrix-Bar element-Beam element-Triangular elements - Constant Strain
Triangle-Linear  Strain  Triangle-  Isoparametric  elements-Numerical  Integration  -
Gauss Quadrature.

Module 5
General  plate  bending  elements-  Plate  bending  theory  – Kirchhoff’s  theory  –
Mindlin’s  theory  – Introduction to locking  problems-  preventive  measures  –
reduced integration – selective integration. Axysymmetric elements- Introduction
to shell elements

References

1. O C Zienkiewicz,.Finite Element Method, fourth Edition,McGraw Hill,
2. R.D.Cook, Concepts  and Applications  of  Finite  Element  Analysis, John  Wiley
&Sons.
3. Stephen  P.Timoshenko&  Krieger, S.W., Theory  of  Plates  and Shells, McGraw
Hill.
4. C.S.Krishnamoorthy, Finite  Element  Analysis, Tata  McGraw  Hill  .New  Delhi,
1987.
5. S.Rajasekharan, Finite Element Analysis, Wheeler Publishing Co., &Sons.1993.
6. T.Kant, Finite Element Methods in Computational Mechanics, Pergamons Press.
7. K.J.Bathe, Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis, Prentice Hall,
8. Mukhopadhyay  M., Matrix  Finite  Element  Computer  and Structural  Analysis,
Oxford  &IBH, 1984.
9. Irving H.Shames, Energy &Finite Element Methods in Structural Mechanics.
10. Desai C.S.&Abel J.F., Introduction to Finite Element Methods, East West Press.

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

C803               

Module 1

3+1+0

Concrete  Mix Design: General  concepts. BIS  method of  mix  design, American
standards  of  mix  design, IS-method of  mix  design, Durability  concepts  in  mix
design  -  Requirements  and tests  of  materials  required for  mix  design.-Fibre
reinforced concrete- High performance concrete.
Form  work. General  arrangements  – general  requirements  – common faults  –
materials for form work – form work arrangements – form work design – loads on
forms  – design procedure  – form  work vibration for  compaction of  concrete  –
stripping time and shoring.
113

Module 2
Prefabricated  construction: Advantages, foundation  units, wall  panels, frames
for  opening, walls–units  for  roofs  and floors  – low  cost  roof  systems. Hollow
concrete  blocks, Ferro cement  – use  and application – modular  co-ordination –
method of  production – flow  line  method – station method – manufacturing
process for structural units.
Codification  and  Standerdisation-  Value  analysis:            Various  methods  and
techniques.

Module 3
Construction company organization:  Different types of organizational set up –
construction team  – objectives  of  civil  engineering  management  – duties  and
responsibilities  of  a  civil  engineer  – functions  of  construction management.
Technical planning.
Site  organization:     Organization  of  labour, resources, materials, method of
execution of the project – inspection and quality control- safety in construction.

Module 4
Materials Management:  Functions of materials management – inventory control
techniques.
Construction  contracts:     Item  rate  contract  – Lump-sum  contract  –Labour
contract – Negotiated contract – Global contract – Percentage contract – Cost plus
percentage  contract-     Cost  plus  fixed fee  contract-  Cost  plus  fluctuating  fee
contract – Target contract – All in contract.

Module 5
Claims manual for a construction organization: Law of contract - Extra work
and deviation order – claims – owner’s claim – sub contractor’s claim – disputes
and arbitration – consequences of mistake in contracts – terms and conditions of
contract  – contract  documents  – earnest  money  – security  deposit  – warranty
period – contract  signed under  coercion – contract  signed by  minors, insane  or
drunken persons  – authority  to agree  and find, validity  of  an oral  agreement  –
conditions and warranties – express terms and implied terms – voidable contracts
and their  performance  – illegal  and voidable  contracts  – liability  for  tort  in
contract-  litigation – breach of  contract  and remedies  – discharge  of  contract  –
equity, privity of contract – transfer of contractual rights and obligations.

References

1. M .S Shetty, concrete technology, S. Chand & Co.
2. S. P Arora, Building constructions, Dhanpat Rai & sons, New Delhi.
3. B. L  Gupta, Amit  Gupta, Construction  Management  and accounts, standard
publishers and Distributions.
4. Construction Management and accounts – V .N Vazirani.
5. National Building code of India – Indian standards.
6. Construction Engineering & Management, S. Seetharaman, Umesh    

114

7. Publications, Delhi.

115

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING - II
C804                         

Module 1               

3+1+0

Introduction:  Storage  of  water  -  effect  of  storage  on  quality  of  water, general
layout of treatment plant - surface water and ground water. Aeration, purpose of
aeration. Sedimentation - plain sedimentation, theory of sedimentation, continuous
flow  sedimentation  tanks. Chemically  aided sedimentation  -  necessity, theory  of
coagulation and flocculation - generally used coagulants, dosage, feeding, mixing
devices, clariflocculators, design of flash mixers clarifiers and clarifloculators.

Module 2
Filtration - Theory of filtration, filter media - sand for filtration. Classification of
filters  -  design, construction, control, operation  and maintenance  of  rapid sand
filters  and slow  sand filters. pressure  filters, dual  media  &  multimedia
filters.Disinfection:  requirements  of  a  good disinfectant, chlorination  -  action,
application, and dosage  chlorine  demand, pre  chlorination, post  chlorination,
double chlorination, super chlorination, breakpoint  chlorination, chloramination.
Other  disinfectants. Miscellaneous  treatment  methods:  color, odour  and taste
removal, iron  and manganese  removal, deflouridation, removal  of  hardness,
desalination.

Module 3
Introduction:  Objectives  of  waste  water  treatment  -  Effluent  standards, KSPCB
Standards, BIS  Standards. Layout  of  conventional  treatment  plant  -  preliminary,
primary, secondary and tertiary treatments in general. Preliminary process: screens
-  types  of  screens, design, disposal  of'  screenings;  comminutors, grit  chamber  -
function,   design, construction  and operation, disposal  of  grit  , detritus  tank,
skimming  tank -function, design  and operation, disposal  of    skimmings
Sedimentation:  Theory  of  sewage  sedimentation  -  design, construction  and
operation, rectangular and circular tanks, disposal of sludge.

Module 4
Biological process: principle and theory of biological treatment. Sewage filtration:
Trickling  filters  -  design, construction  and operation. Activated sludge  process:
Design, construction  and operation  of  conventional  and extended aeration,
aeration  methods. Miscellaneous  methods-  Stabilization  ponds, Oxidation  ditch,
Aerated lagoons, rotating biological contactors; disinfection of sewage effluents.

Module 5
Sludge treatment and disposal: quantity of sludge, characteristics of sludge, sludge
thickening, digestion, conditioning and disposal, design of sludge digesters only.
Septic  Tanks:  Design  (as  per  Ministry  of  urban  development)  construction,
disposal of effluents, cleaning of tanks, Imhoff tanks.
Sewage treatment by high rate anaerobic methods: Anaerobic digestion, suspended
growth, contact  process, UASB, attached growth, filters, expanded bed -  only
basics (Ref. Wastewater Engineering by Metcalf and Eddy - 3rd Edn.)

116

References

1. Peavy, Rowe, Tchobanoglous, Environmental  Engineering, Mc  Graw  Hill
International Editions.            
2. S. K. Garg, Environmental  Engineering  Vol. l  &  ll, Khanna  Publishers, New
Delhi. 
3. B.C. Punmia, Water supply Engineering, Arihant Publications, Jodpur.
4. B.C. Punmia, Waste water Engineering, Arihant Publications, Jodpur. 
5. Metcalf  &  Eddy, Waste  water  Engg. 3rd Edn., Mc  Graw  Hill  International
Editions.
6. Mark J Hammer, Water and waste water technology, John Wiley and sons, Inc.

ADVANCED MATHEMATICS  (ELECTIVE - II)

CMELRT 805-1           

Module 1        Green’s Function

3+1+0

Heavisides, unit  step function – Derivative  of  unit  step function – Dirac  delta
function – properties  of  delta  function – Derivatives  of  delta  function – testing
functions  – symbolic  function – symbolic  derivatives  – inverse  of  differential
operator – Green’s function – initial value problems – boundary value problems –
simple cases only

Module 2

Integral Equations

Definition of  Volterra  and Fredholm  Integral  equations  – conversion of  a  linear
differential  equation into an integral  equation – conversion of  boundary  value
problem into an integral equation using Green’s function – solution of Fredhlom
integral equation with separable Kernels – Integral equations of convolution type –
Neumann series solution.

Module 3

Gamma, Beta functions

Gamma function, Beta function – Relation between them – their transformations –
use of them in the evaluation certain integrals – Dirichlet’s integral – Liouville’s
extension of Dirichlet’s theorem – Elliptic integral – Error function.

Module 4

Power Series solution of differential equation

The  power  series  method – Legendre’s  Equation – Legendre’s  polynomial  –
Rodrigues formula – generating function – Bessel’s equation – Bessel’s function
of  the  first  kind – Orthogonality  of  Legendre’s  Polynomials  and Bessel’s
functions.

Module 5

Numerical solution of partial differential equations.

Classification  of  second order  equations-  Finite  difference  approximations  to
partial  derivatives  – solution of  Laplace  and Poisson’s  equations  by  finite
difference  method – solution of  one  dimensional  heat  equation by  Crank –
Nicolson method – solution one dimensional wave equation.
117

References

1. Ram P.Kanwal, Linear Integral Equation, Academic Press, New York.
2. Allen C.Pipkin, Springer, A Course on Integral Equations, Verlag.
3. H.K.Dass, Advanced Engg. Mathematics, S.Chand.
4. Michael D.Greenberge, Advanced Engg. Mathematics, Pearson Edn. Asia.
5. B.S.Grewal, Numrical methods in Engg.&science, Khanna Publishers.
6. R.F. Hoskins, Generalized functions, John Wiley and Sons.
7. Bernard Friedman, Principles and Techniques of Applied Mathematics, John
Wiley and sons
8. James P.Keener, Principles of Applied Mathematics, Addison Wesley.
9. P.Kandasamy, K.Thilagavathy, K.Gunavathy Numerical methods, S.Chand & co.

THEORY OF SHELLS (ELECTIVE  - II)

C805-2                           

Module 1

3+1+0

Structural  behaviour  of  shells-classification  of  shells-translational  and rotational
shells-ruled      surfaces-methods  of  generating  the  surface  of  different

shells-hyperbolic

paraboloid-elliptic

paraboloid-conoid-Gaussian

curvature-synclastic and anticlastic surfaces.

Module 2
Classical  theories  of  shells-thin  shell-thick shell-small  deflection  theory-stress
resultants and deformations of shells without bending.

Module 3
Cylindrical  shells-membrane  theory  of  cylindrical  shells-free  body  diagram  of  a
cylindrical shell element-formulation of equilibrium equation.

Module 4
Bending  theory  of  cylindrical  shells-stresses  and deformation  of  circular
cylindrical  shells-pressure  vessels-cylindrical  shells  with  uniform  internal
pressure-free body diagram of a differential cylindrical shell element- formulation
of equilibrium equation.

Module 5
Finite element application on cylindrical shells-introduction to shell elements-flat
elements-axisymmetric elements- degenerated elements-general shell element.

References

1. Timoshenko, W Krieger, Theory of plates and shells, Mc Graw Hill.
2. Gol’oenveizen, Theory of elastic thin shells, Pergaman Press, 1961.
3. J Ramachandran, Thin shells theory and problems, Universities press.
4. Novoshilov V V,Theory of thin elastic shells, P Noordoff, Groningen,1959.
118

Microwave  and  Transmission  Towers:  Introduction  -  Loads  -  Analysis  of
Microwave & Transmission towers - Design of members - Design of foundation -
Design of Connections - Application using STAAD, SAP.

Module 2
Pre-Engineered Metal Buildings: Introduction - Loads - Metal cladding - Design
of cold formed secondary framing - Optimization design of main frames - Wind
bracing  -  Frame  connections  (haunch, ridge)  -  Column  base  connections  (fixed,
pinned) - Application using STAAD, STRAP.

Module 3
Multi-storey Buildings: Introduction - Anatomy of structure - Loads - Design of
columns - Design of composite beams - Design of composite floor - Bracings –
Connections - Application using STAAD, STRAP.

Module 4
Space  Frames:  Introduction  -  Structural  types  -  Loads  -  Design  of  single  layer
barrel vault - Design of single layer dome - Design of double layer flat - Design of
node connectors - Application using STAAD, SAP.

Module 5
Construction:  Tolerances:  Fabrication  tolerances  -  Erection  tolerances,
Fabrication: Economy - Shop activities - Quality management, Erection: Method
statement  -  programme  – Machineries, Fire  Protection:  Regulations  -  Structural
performance  -  Methods  of  protection, Corrosion  Resistance:  Corrosion  process  -
Effect of environment - Protection methods.

References

1. Ram  Chandra, Design  of  Steel  Structures, Vol. II, Standard Book House, New
Delhi.
2. Alexander Newman, Metal Building Systems: Design and Specifications,
3. Graham  W. Owens, Peter  R. Knowles, Steel  Designers  Manual, Blackwell
Scientific Publications, Oxford, ISBN 0-632-03881-0.
4. Ramamrutham S., Design of Steel Structures, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Co., New  
  Delhi, 2001, ISBN 81-87433-36-1. 
5. Ramaswamy  G. S., Suresh  G. R., Analysis, Design  and Construction  of  Steel
Space frames, Thomas Telford Ltd., 2002, ISBN 0-7277-30142.
6. Edwin H. Gaylord, Jr., Charles N. Gaylord, Design of Steel Structures, McGraw-
    Hill, Inc., Singapore, ISBN 0-07-112623-6.
7. IS:  800 -  1984, Use  of  Structural  Steel  in  General  Building  Construction, BIS,
New Delhi.
8. IS: 802, Use of Structural Steel in Overhead Transmission Line Towers, BIS, New
Delhi.
120

9. IS:  875 -  1987, Code  of  practice  for  Design  Loads  (Parts  I, II  &  III), BIS, New
Delhi.
10. IS: 806, Code of practice for use of Steel Tubes in General Building Construction,
BIS, New Delhi.
11. IS: 1161, Specification for Steel Tubes for Structural Purposes, BIS, New Delhi.

HIGHWAY AND AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS (ELECTIVE - II)

C805-4           

Module 1

3+1+0

Pavement types: stress distribution in pavements - theoretical subgrade conditions
and traffic  loadings  Basic  difference  between  flexible  and rigid pavements  -
design factors - wheel load - equivalent single wheel load - repetition of loads -
elastic modulii - climatic variations.

Module 2
Design  of  flexible  pavements:  group index  method -  CBR  method -  IRC
recommendations - Me Load method - Burmister's layer theory.

Module 3
Design  of  rigid pavements:  radius  of  relative  stiffness  -  critical  load positions  -
Westergaard's stress equation - Bradley's stress coefficients - design charts.

Module 4
Temperature  stresses  in  concrete  pavements:  Westergaard's  concept  -  wrapping
stress - functional stress - combination of stresses.
Design  of  joints  in  concrete  pavements:  expansion  joints  -  construction  joints  -
design of dowel bars - tie bars - IRC recommendation.

Module 5
Evaluation of pavement condition: pavement instrumentation - types of pavement
distress  -  roughness  and skid resistance. Environmental  influence  and effects-
pavements maintenance and overlays.

References

1. Bindra B.S, Highway Engineering, Danpat Rai and Sons.
2. H.J.Yoder, Principles of Pavement Design, John wiley and sons
3. Khanna O.P, Justo C.G., Highway Engineering, Nem Chand Publishers
4. IRC Standard specifications for Construction of Flexible and rigid pavements

ADVANCED FOUNDATION DESIGN (ELECTIVE - II)

C805-5           

Module 1

3+1+0

Machine foundations: basic theory of vibrations-free and forced vibration of single
121

degree  of  freedom  with  and without  damping-two degrees  of  freedom  with  and
without damping-dynamic soil properties-mass spring model and constants- elastic
half  space  approach-determination  of  dynamic  soil  constants  in  laboratory  and
field based on IS code provisions. Modes of vibration of block foundation –natural
frequency  of  foundation of  soil  system  by  Barkan’s  approach-methods  of
analysis-Barkan’s method. Vertical translations, sliding, rocking, yawing (IS code
method)

Module 2
Design  of  machine  foundations:  Static  and dynamic  design  criteria-permissible
amplitude  of  vibrations  for  different  types  of  machines. Foundations  for
reciprocating  machines-  design  criteria-  calculation  of  induced forces  and
moments- multi cylinder engines-Foundations subjected to impact type of forces
(hammer)-design data-design criteria-vibration isolation.

Module 3
Sheet Pile walls and Cofferdams: types and uses of sheet piles-design of cantilever
sheet  pile  walls  in  granular  and cohesive  soils-anchored bulkhead-free  earth
support  and fixed earth  support  method-coffer  dams-uses-  braced and cellular
cofferdams.

Module 4
Special Foundations: Foundation for special structures such as water tanks, silos,
cooling  towers,         guyed      structures,      ground      storage  tanks,         chimneys,
telecommunication towers, transmission line towers-foundation for under ground
conduits- foundation for coastal and offshore structures-pre-stressed foundations.
Shell Foundations-structural form and efficiency-different types.

Module 5
Foundations in Special soils: Foundation in expansive soil, soft and compressible
soils, problems associated with foundation installation- ground water lowering and
drainage- shoring and underpinning-different methods-damage and vibrations due
to constructional operations

References

1. Bowles.J.E, Foundation Analysis and DesignMc Graw Hill Publishing Company.
2. N.P.Kurian, Modern foundations Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing company
3. Srinivasulu P, Vaidyanathan C.V     Handbook of Machine foundations
4. IS 2974-part I toV.
5. IS 5249

INDUSTRIAL WASTE ENGINEERING (ELECTIVE - II)

C805-6           

Module 1

3+1+0

Introduction: Environmental pollution - Magnitude of the industrial waste problem
122

in India - damage caused by industrial waste pollution. Effect of industrial wastes
on streams and sewerage systems: Computation of organic waste loads on streams
- Streeter phelps, Churchill and Thomas methods.

Module 2
Stream sampling: stream protection measures - effluent and stream standards.
Characteristics of industrial wastes: physical, chemical and biological. retreatment
of  industrial  wastes:  waste  volume  reduction, waste  strength  reduction  -
neutralization, equalization and proportioning.

Module 3
Theories  of  treatments  processes:  removal  of  suspended solids  by  sedimentation
and flotation, removal  of  colloidal  solids  by  coagulation  -  removal  of  inorganic
solids  by  evaporation  &  ion  exchange. Removal  of  organic  solids:  lagooning,
activated sludge treatment - extended aeration, step aeration, trickling filters. High
rate anaerobic treatment - up flow and down flow filters; up flow anaerobic sludge
blanket reactor - Disposal of sludge solids. Joint treatment of treated and untreated
wastes with domestic sewage - discharge of raw and treated wastes to streams.

Module 4
Major industrial Wastes and their treatment: pulp and paper industry - oil refinery
- textile industry - tannery.

Module 5
Treatment of industrial waste: canning - dairy - sugar - distillery.

References

1. M  Narayana  Rao, Waste  water  treatment, Rational  methods  of  design  and
Industrial practice, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, Bombay.
2. Nelson  Leonard Nemerow, Theories  and practices  of  industrial  waste  treatment,
Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc.
3. C  Fred Gurnham, Principles  of  industrial  waste  treatment, John  Wiley  &  Sons,
Inc., New York. 
4. W  Wesley  Eckenfelder  Jr., Industrial  water  pollution  control, International
Edition, Mc Graw Hill Inc, New Delhi.
5. Hardam  Singh, Industrial  Waste  water  management  Hand Book, Mc  Graw  Hill,
NewDelhi.                       

ADVANCED HYDROLOGY (ELECTIVE - II)

C805-7               

Module 1

3+1+0

Introduction: Hydrologic cycle-history of hydrology - application in engineering:
water resources in the world - water resources in India. Weather and hydrology:
123

Thermal  circulation  -  effects  of  earth's  rotation  -  effect  of'  land and water
distribution  -  migratory  systems  -  fronts  -  measurement  of  temperatures  -  Lapse
rate of temperatures - geographic distribution of temperatures - time variations of
temperatures - properties of water vapour- Measurement of humidity - geographic
distributions  of  humidity  -  time  variations  in  humidity-geographic  variations  of
wind - time variations of wind - scanning and predicting weather.

Module 2                   
Precipitation:  types  of  precipitation  -  measurement  of  precipitation  recording
gauges  -  automatic  gauges  radars  -estimation  of  missing  data  and adjustment  of
records  -  mean  areal  depth  of  precipitation  -rain  gauge  network-  design
principles-depth  area  duration  curves  -  Hectograph  and mass  curve  of  rainfall  -
analysis  of  rainfall  data  -  moving  average  curves  -  design  storms  -  probable
maximum  precipitation  curves  snowfall  and measurement. Determination  of
snowmelt.  Water Losses:.Evaporation-evaporation pans – evapometre, control of'
reservoir  evaporation  -  soil  evaporation  -  transpiration  -  estimation  of  evapo
transpiration  -  infiltration  -  infiltration  curves  -  determination  of  infiltration-
irifiltration indices - water shed leakage - water balance.

Module 3
Runoff: Catchment characteristics - classification of streams - factors affecting-run
off, run off estimation by empirical formulae, curves infiltration method, rational
method, overland flow  hydrograph  and unit  hydrograph, method. Hydrographs:
Separation of stream, flow components - hydrograph separation - unit hydrograph
- assumption - derivations of unit hydrograph - unit hydrograph of complex storms
- instantaneous unit hydrograph - synthetic unit hydrograph.                     .
Module 4
Floods: Definition of standard project flood - maximum probable flood - probable
maximum precipitation and design flood - estimation of peak flood-flood control.
Measures - flood forecasting techniques- flood routing - analytical and graphical
methods of flood routing. Sedimentation: The erosion process - factors controlling
erosion - suspended load, bed load - estimation of sediment load (basic principles
and statement  of  important.equations  only)  measurement  of  sediment  load -
reservoir sedimentation - control of reservoir sedimentation.

Module 5
Probability  analysis  of  hydrological  data:  mean, median, mode, mean-deviation,
standard deviation, variances and skewness of data normal, gamma, poisons, log
normal and pears and type III distributions - flood, frequency by fuller's, Gumbel's,
Powel and Ven Te chow methods.
Mathematical models in hydrology: definition of stochastic models, deterministic
models-conceptual  models  and empirical  models-  optimisation  of  models  and
efficiency  of  models  -  method of  determining  1UH  by  the  s-curve  hydrograph,
convolution  integral  and conceptual  models  -  synthetic  stream  flow  -  flow  at
ungauged sites - by multiple regression - reservoir mass curve - flood forecasting.

References
124

1. H. M.Reghunath, Hydrology, Wiley Easten Ltd., New Delhi.               
2. Santhosh  Kumar  Garg, Hydrology  and flood control  engineering, Khanna
Publishers
3. R.K. Linsley, M. A. Kholar, Hydrology for engineers, Tata Mc Graw Hill. 

APPLIED GEOLOGY (ELECTIVE - II)

C805-8                     

Module 1

3+1+0

Plate tectonics:  Plate tectonics and drift of continents-Pangaea and drift of Indian
plate-formation  of  Himalayas-Tectonic  frame  work of  South  India  -Tectonic
movements-their  significance-methods  of  detecting  tectonic  movements  -  radar
interferometry & global positioning system.
Earthquake:    Earthquakes  in  relation  to plate  tectonics-global  seismic  belts
-seismic  zones  of  Inida-seismicity  of  South  India-earthquakes  in  Kerala

-earthquake        resistant         structures-prediction
earthquake-Reservoir induced seismicity.

Module 2

of        earthquake-defusing

Structural geology:  Clinometer & Brunton compass-Measuring of strike and dip

using

clinometer/Brunton

compass-Basic

idea

of

toposheets-Lineaments-definition-singificance-techniques
lineaments-major lineaments in South India and Kerala.

of

identifying

Remote sensing: Basic concepts-electromagnetic radiation, spectral windows,
spectral signatures, sensors, false colour images, geocoded images. Remotesensing
satellites-Landsat.
Aerial  photography:           Basic  concepts-stereopairs,            stereoscopic  vision,
stereoscope-Limitations of aerial photography.
Applications: Interpretation of imageries (brief description only). Application of
satellite  imageries  and aerial  photographs  in  geological  and hydrogeological
studies.

Module 3

Hydrogeology

-

General:

Groundwater-importance

and

availability-Aquifers-confined

and       unconfined-Artesian          wells-Geologic

formations  as  aquifer-laterite-sandy  layers-weathered rock-fractured crystalline
rock-  their  distribution  in  Kerala-Structures  used for  tapping  groundwater-Open
well, Bore  well, Tube  well  &  Filterpoint  well  (construction  techniques  not
expected). Saline water intrusion.

Module 4
Hydrolgeology -  Groundwater  exploration  techniques:  Hydrogeological,
geophysical        &       geobotanical        methods-Geophysical         method-resistivity

125

survey-Wenner  and Schlumberger  configurations-interpretation  of  resistivity
curve-curve matching technique. 
Groundwater  recharge:  Natural  &  artificial. Structures  used for  artificial
recharge-checkdams, subsurface dams, open well  & bore well. Selection of site
for subsurface dams-salient features.

Module 5
Practical  Work:  Identification  of  important  rock forming           minerals:  1.Quartz,
2.Feldspar, 3.Hypersthene, 4.Auguite, 5. Hornblende, 6. Biotite, 7.Muscovite,
8.Olivine, 9.Garnet, 10.Fluorite, 11.Tourmaline, 12.Calcite, 13.Kyanite, 14.
Kaolin, 15. Serpentine.       Identification of  common rock types:  Igneous rocks:
1. Granite, 2. Syenite, 3.                   Diorite, 4. Gabbro, 5. Peridotite, 6.Dolerite,
7.Basalt, 8.Pegmatite.Sedimentary rocks: 1.Conglomerate, 2.Breccia, 3.Sandstone,
4.Limestone, 5.shale.Metamorphic rocks: 1. Gneiss, 2. Schist, 3. Slate, 4. Marble,
5. Quartzite, 6. Augen gneiss, 8. Mylonite, 9. Pseudotachyllite.
Special Indian rock types: 1. Charnockite, 2. Khondalite, 3. Laterite. 
Recommended Field work: Field trips to learn identification of faults/lineaments
in the field and groundwater exploration techniques.

References

1. Arthur Holmes, Physical geology, Thomas Nelson.
2. Arthur  D. Howard, Geology  in  environmental  planning, McGraw  Hills, New
Delhi.
3. M.P.Billings, Strucutural geology, Asia Publishing house, New Delhi.
4. N.W. Gokhale, A  manual  of  problems  in  structural  geology, CBS  Publishers  &
distributors, New Delhi.
5. Thomas  M. Lillesand &  Raiph  W. Kiefer, Remotesensing  and image
interpretation, John Wiley Sons, New York.
6. K.K.Rampal, Text  book of  photogrametry, Oxford &  IBH  Publishing  company,
New Delhi.
7. David Keith Todd, Groundwater hydrology, John Wiley & sons, New York.
8. H.M. Regunath, Groundwater, Willey Eeastern Ltd.
9. HH.Read, Rutleys elements of mineralogy, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, London.
10. G.W.Tyrell, Principles of petrology, B.I. Publications, Bombay.
11. E.G. Ehler  &  H. Blatt, Petrology-igneous, sedimentary  &  metamorphic, CBS
Publishers & distributors, Delhi.

STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS AND STABILITY ANALYSIS  (ELECTIVE - III)

C806-1   

Module 1

2+1+0

Introduction-problems  in  nature-steady  state  problem-dynamic  problem-stability
problem  (Eigen value  problem)-introduction to dynamic  loading-D’Alembert’s
equation of equilibrium-inertia force-effect of damping-Hamilton’s principle.

126

C806-2   

Module 1
Internet: Definition-principles of internet working-protocols TCP/IP.

2+1+0

E-mail-  architecture  and services. World wide  web-  definition-  linking  of
documents  in  www-URL-DNS. Major  categories  of  websites  over  Internet.
HTML-Tags and writing pages.

127

Module 2
Importance  of  Java  – advantages  -  method of  byte  codes  -  object  oriented
programming concepts in Java-data types – variables – arrays – operators - control
statements.
Classes:  Overloading  – inheritance  -  packages  and interfaces  -  exception
handling-built in exceptions.

Module 3
Threads: Multi threading-string handling-an overview of important packages and
interfaces used in Java-Java.util, Java.io.

Module 4
Applet: applet class-event handling-overview of event classes.
AWT:        working         with        windows-graphics-text-AWT          controls-layout
managers-menu-images.
Module 5
Databases-JDBC  connectivity-  introduction  to swing, RMI, servlets, COM,
CORBA, Java Beams.

References

1. MK Goel, Internet,
2. Herbert Schildt, Java the complete reference, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
3. Steven Holzner, Java 2 Black book, Wiley Dreamtech
4. Joseph L Weber, Using Java, Prentice Hall India New Delhi.
5. James Gosling, Java Programming.

TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNING (ELECTIVE - III)

 C806-3 

Module 1

2+1+0

Statistical methods for Traffic Engineering: definition and probability - probability
distribution – Poisson, Binomial  and normal  distribution. Applications  in traffic
engineering:  sampling  theory  and significance  testing  -  linear  regression  and
correlation - simple problems.

Module 2
Systems  approach  to transport  planning:  stages  in  transport  planning  -  trip
generation -  introduction and definitions  – factors  affecting  trip generations  and
attraction  -  Multiple  linear  regression  analysis  -  category  analysis  -  Modal  split
analysis.

Module 3
Trip Distribution: growth factor methods - synthetic methods.  Trip Assignment:
purpose, general principle - assignment techniques.

Module 4
128

Parking:  Parking  problems  -  desirable  parking  space  standards  for  different  land
use -common methods of on- street parking, off-street parking facilities, parking
surveys.
Street illumination: Definition of common terms - types and location of lanterns
on straight roads and junctions avoiding glare.

Module 5
Transportation  Economics:  Road user  cost-Motor  Vehicle  operation  cost  -  fixed
and variable costs - road user benefits - principles of economics - analysis through
annual cost - rate of return and benefit cost ratio methods - worked out problems.

References
1. Khadiyali  L.R. Traffic  Engineering  and Transport  planning, Khanna  Tech
Publishers
2. Hutchinson “Principles of Urban transport systems Planning
3. Martin & Whol Traffic system Analysis for Engineers
4. Donald Drew Traffic Flow Theory
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOTECHNICS (ELECTIVE - III)

C806-4     

Module 1

2+1+0

Clay  mineralogy  and soil  structure:  Gravitational  and surface  forces-inter  sheet
and inter  layer  bonding  in  the  clay  minerals-  Basic  structural  units  of  clay
minerals- isomorphous substitution – kaolinite mineral- montmorillonite mineral-
illite mineral- electric charges on clay minerals – base exchange capacity- diffused
double  layer-  adsorbed water-  soil  structure-  methods  for  the  identification  of
minerals (introduction only).

Module 2
Effect  of  environment  on  Geotechnical  properties  of  soils:    Effect  of  drying  on
Atterberg  limits.-Volume  change  behaviour-  factors  controlling  resistance  to
volume  change-  general  relationship between  soil  type, pressure  and void ratio.-
importance  of  mineralogical  composition  in  soil  expansion. Activity-
sensitivity-causes of sensitivity-influence of exchangeable cations, pH and organic
matter  on  properties  of  soils. Permeability  of  soils-  hydraulic  conductivity  of
different  types  of  soils  – Darcy’s  law  and its  validity-  factors  affecting
permeability

Module 3
Wastes and Contaminants (introduction only): sources of wastes-types of wastes-
composition  of  different  wastes-  characteristics  and classification  of  hazardous
wastes-  generation  rates-  ground water  contamination-  sources  of  ground water
contamination-  transport  mechanisms-potential  problems  in  soils  due  to
contaminants.

Module 4
Disposal  and containment  technics:  Criteria  for  selection  of  sites  for  waste
disposal-  hydrological  aspects  of  selection  of  waste  disposal  sites-  disposal
129

facilities-  subsurface  disposal  technics-disposal  systems  for  typical  wastes
(sketches only)

Module 5
Containment  control  systems-  liners  and covers  for  waste  disposal-  rigid liners-
flexible  liners. Ground modification technics  in waste  management  – waste
modification-        ground       modification-        mechanical        modification-hydraulic
modification- chemical modification.

References

1. Mitchell, J (1976), “ Fundamentals of soil behaviour”, John Wiley and sons, New
York
2. Lambe, T. W & Whitman, R. V (1979), “ Soil Mechanics “, John Wiley and Sons,
New York.
3. Gopal Ranjan & A.S.R Rao (1991), “ Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics, Wiley
Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Wilson, M. J  (1987), “  A  Hand book of  Determinative  methods  in Clay
Mineralogy”, Chapman and Hall, New York.
5. Robert  M. Koerner  (1984), “Construction and Geotechnical  methods  in
Foundation Engineering”, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.
6. Yong  R. N. (1992), “  Principles  of  contaminant  Transport  in Soils,   “Elsevier,
New York.
7. Ramanatha  Iyer  T. S    (2000), “Soil  Engineering  Related to Environment”, LBS
centre.

SOIL STABILITY ANALYSIS (ELECTIVE - III)

C806-5             

Module 1

2+1+0

Ground water seepage- Laplace’s equations for two dimensional flow- quick sand
condition-  construction  of  flownets-  confined and unconfined flow-seepage  in
anisotropic soil conditions-piping-design of filters.

Module 2
Stability  of  earth  slopes-modes  of  slope  stability-  analysis  of  slope  stability
problems-  Swedish circle  method-  Friction circle  method-  Taylor’s  stability
chart-Bishop’s method- stabilization measures- instrumentation.

Module 3
Landslides:  Introduction-  movements  associated with  landslides-causes  of
landslides-consequences, classification and analysis of landslides-investigation of
landslides-instrumentation-methods of preventing landslides.

Module 4
Earthquake  effects  on  soil  foundation  system:  earth  quakes-  ground
shaking-liquefaction- ground deformations-seismic provisions in building codes

130

Module 5
Underpinning:  Introduction-reasons-pit  underpinning-pile  underpinning-driven
underpinning piles-shoring-special underpinning methods-moving structures

References

1. Hans.F.Winterkorn and Hsai Yang Fang    Foundation Engineering handbook  -
Van Nostrand Reinhold Company
2. Bowles E.J. Foundation analysis and Design.  Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co.
3. Gopal  Ranjan  and A.S.R.Rao     Basic  and applied Soil  mechanics  New  Age
International Publishing Company
4. Donald.P.Coduto Geotechnical  Engineering  –Principlesand practices, Prentice
Hall India

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS

C806-6               

Module 1

2+1+0

Concepts  of  environmental  impact  analysis-Environmental  protections,
legislations, laws and Acts-air quality legislation-energy legislation-fish and wild
life  resources  legislation-historical  preservation  legislation-factors  for
consideration in assessing environmental impact concept-short term vs. long term
effects.

Module 2
Socio       impact       analysis-physical,         social,       aesthetic        and       economic
environment-examples of types of socio impact analysis.

Module 3

Air

quality

impact

analysis-air

pollutants-sources-atmospheric

interactions-environmental  impact-assessment  methodology, case  studies. Noise
impact  analysis-effects  of  noise  on  people-estimating  transportation  noise
impact-examples

Module 4

Water

quality

impact

analysis-water

quality

criteria

and

standards-modelling-water  quality  impact  by  projects  like  High  ways, power
plants, agriculture  and irrigation, forest  management, vegetation  and wild life
impact analysis.

Module 5
Assessment  methodologies-impact  on  biota-summerisation  of  environmental
impact-checklist method.

References

John  G  Rau, David C  Wooten, Environmental  impact  Analysis  Handbook, Mc
Graw Hill Book Company, New Delhi, 1980.
131

C807 

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LAB

0+0+3

1. Determination of (a) solids - total, suspended, dissolved, fixed, volatile, settleable
  SVI.
2. pH Value.
3. Conductivity.
4. Chemical oxygen demand.
5. D. 0. and Biochemical Oxygen Demand.
6. Jar test and Turbidity.
7. Chlorine demand and residual chlorine.
8. Determination of iron.
9. Determination of sulphates.
10. Acidity and Alkalinity.
11. Hardness.
12. Nitrogen - various forms.
13. M. P. N. Fecal coliforms using A-l medium.
14. Measurment of smoke density for diesel vehicles.
15. Measurment of H C and CO of exhaust from petrol driven vehicles.
16. Measurment of suspended particulate matter in ambient air.

PROJECT / SEMINAR

C 808                                     

0+0+4